Research Concerning Electromagnetic Emissions from Residential On-grid PV Systems

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2021.157021

Keywords:

EMC, home-installed micro PV systems, photovoltaic power conversion, power grid quality, radiated emissions

Abstract

The paper presents the results of grid power quality tests and wide frequency electromagnetic radiation level tests to which home power networks with photovoltaic systems have been subjected. The said results are meaningful from the point of view of safety and compatibility of electrical devices and the power supply system they are connected to. The tests covered stability of phase voltage and its frequency, harmonic level flicker, as well as RF radiated and emission levels. The measurements performed provide an answer to the question concerning the level of compliance of randomly selected home-installed PV systems with applicable recommendations and regulations concerning electromagnetic compatibility. The ability to meet the applicable standards translates into the health and safety of building inhabitants, which is the ultimate goal. Legal regulations concerning electromagnetic compatibility of renewable energy sources are consistent throughout the entire European Union.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] R. D. Bressler, "The mortality cost of carbon", Nature Commun., no. 12, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24487-w
View in Google Scholar

[2] Emission Gap Report 2019, United Nations Environment Programme [Online]. Available: https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2019.
View in Google Scholar

[3] J. F. Green, "Does carbon pricing reduce emissions? A review of ex-post analyses", Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 4, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abdae9
View in Google Scholar

[4] S. Solomona, G. K. Plattnerb, R. Knuttic, and P. Friedlingsteind, "Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions", in Proc. of the National Academy of Sci. of the United States of America, vol. 106, no. 6, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812721106
View in Google Scholar

[5] F. L. Suocheng Dong, Z. Li, Y. L. Shantong Li, and Y. Wan, "The improvement of CO2 emission reduction policies based on system dynamics method in traditional industrial region with large CO2 emission", Energy Policy, vol. 51, pp. 683-695, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.014
View in Google Scholar

[6] V. Masson-Delmotte et al., "Global warming of 1.5°C", IPCC Special Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2019 [Online]. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/download/
View in Google Scholar

[7] V. Laxmi Kalyani, M. Kumari Dudy, and S. Pareek, "Green energy: the need of the world", J. of Management Engineer. and Informat. Technol., vol. 2, no. 5, 2015.
View in Google Scholar

[8] S. Chowdhurya et al., "An overview of solar photovoltaic panels' end-of-life material recycling", Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 27, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100431
View in Google Scholar

[9] A. Pegels, G. Vidican-Auktor, W. Lu Tkenhorst, and T. Altenburg, "Politics of green energy policy", J. of Environment & Development, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 26-45, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496517747660
View in Google Scholar

[10] J. Kiciński, "Green energy transformation in Poland", Bull. of the Polish Academy of Sci. Technic. Sci., vol. 69, no. 1, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2020.136213
View in Google Scholar

[11] A. Dobrzycki, D. Kurz, S. Mikulski, and G. Wodnicki, "Analysis of the impact of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) on reducing the demand for electricity and heat in buildings located in Poland", Energies, vol. 13, no. 10, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102549
View in Google Scholar

[12] H. Lgarashi and S. Suenaga, "Electromagnetic noise from solar cells", in Proc. Conf. Record of the Thirty-first IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, 2005.
View in Google Scholar

[13] C. Jettanasen and C. Pothisarn, "Performance and electromagnetic interference mitigation of DC-DC converter connected to photovoltaic panel", Int. J. of Smart Grid and Clean Energy, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 806-812, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12720/sgce.8.6.806-812
View in Google Scholar

[14] C. Baccouch, D. Bouchouicha, H. Sakli, and T. Aguili, "Patch antenna based on a photovoltaic cell with a dual resonance frequency", Adv. Electromag., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 42-49, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v5i3.425
View in Google Scholar

[15] M. Drapalik, J. Schmid, E. Kancsar, V. Schlosser, and G. Klinger, "A study of the antenna effect of photovoltaic modules", Int. Conf. on Renewable Energ. and Power Quality (ICREPQ'10), Granada, Spain, pp. 371-375, 2010.
View in Google Scholar

[16] Standard EN 61000-6-3, "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments", 2008/A1:2012.
View in Google Scholar

[17] Standard EN 61000-6-4, "Generic standards - Emission standard for industrial environments", 2019.
View in Google Scholar

[18] S. Bartnikowska, A. Olszewska, and W. Czekała, "The current state of connection issues of renewable energy sources installations to the electrical grid", Energy Policy J., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 117-128, 2017 [Online]. Available: https://epj.min-pan.krakow.pl/pdf-96172-28949?filename=The%20current%20state%20of.pdf (ISSN: 14296675) (in Polish).
View in Google Scholar

[19] "How a photovoltaic installation works" [Online]. Available: https://2quantumenergy.com/functioning-of-pv-systems/.
View in Google Scholar

[20] K. Ranabhat et al., "An introduction to solar cell technology", J. of Applied Engineer. Sci., vol. 14, no. 405, pp. 481-491, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes14-10879
View in Google Scholar

[21] M. Arun, "Types of solar cells and its applications", Int. J. of Sci. Devel. and Res., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 260-267, 2019 [Online]. Available: https://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR1902043.pdf (ISSN: 24552631).
View in Google Scholar

[22] W. Mao et al., "A research on cascaded H-bridge module level photovoltaic inverter based on a switching modulation strategy", Energies, vol. 12, no. 10, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12101851
View in Google Scholar

[23] A. B. Rifai and M. A. Hakami, "Health hazards of electromagnetic radiation", J. of Biosciences and Medicines, vol. 2, pp. 1-12, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2014.28001
View in Google Scholar

[24] Standard EN 50160, "Voltage characteristics in public distribution system", 2010.
View in Google Scholar

[25] Standard PN-IEC 60364, "Electrical installations in buildings", 2000 (in Polish).
View in Google Scholar

[26] J. M. Flores-Arias et al., "A memory-effcient true-RMS estimator in a limited-resources hardware", Energies, vol. 12, no. 9, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091699
View in Google Scholar

[27] K. Zhou and L. Cai, "An algorithm for calculating the RMS value of the non-sinusoidal current used in AC resistance spot welding", J. of Power Electron., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1139-1147, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6113/JPE.2015.15.4.1139
View in Google Scholar

[28] Standard EN 62233, "Measurement methods for electromagnetic fields of household appliances and similar apparatus with regard to human exposure", 2008.
View in Google Scholar

[29] K. Maniak, "Badanie zjawisk elektromagnetycznych występujących na osuwiskach (The study of electromagnetic phenomena to landslides)", Doctoral Dissertation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland, 2008 (in Polish).
View in Google Scholar

[30] J. Miecznik, "Electromagnetic fields of dipole sources", Geologia, vol. 37, pp. 37-61, 2011 [Online]. Available: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.baztecharticle-AGHL-0002-0002/c/Miecznik.pdf (in Polish).
View in Google Scholar

[31] A. Choroszucho and B. Butrylo, "Local attenuation of electromagnetic field generated by wireless communication system inside the building", Przegl¡d Elektrotechniczny, vol. 87, pp. 123-127, 2011 [Online]. Available: http://pe.org.pl/articles/2011/7/31.pdf
View in Google Scholar

[32] I. Kolcunová et al., "Infuence of electromagnetic shield on the high frequency electromagnetic field penetration through the building material", Acta Physica Polonica, vol. 131, pp. 1135-1137, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.131.1135
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Submitted

2023-05-15

Published

2021-12-30

Issue

Section

ARTICLES FROM THIS ISSUE

How to Cite

[1]
K. Maniak, T. Tomczyk, K. Spalt, J. Sobolewski, and J. W. Wroński, “Research Concerning Electromagnetic Emissions from Residential On-grid PV Systems”, JTIT, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 23–31, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.26636/jtit.2021.157021.

Most read articles by the same author(s)