A survey on mobility models for performance analysis in tactical mobile networks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2008.2.872Keywords:
mobility models, performance analysis, wireless networks, tactical networksAbstract
In scenarios of military operations and catastrophes – even when there is no infrastructure available or left – there is a need for communication. Due to the specific context the communication systems used in these tactical scenarios need to be as reliable as possible. Thus, the performance of these systems has to be evaluated. Beside field-tests, computer simulations are an interesting alternative concerning costs, scalability, etc. Results of simulative performance evaluation strongly depend on the models used. Since tactical networks consist of, or, at least, contain mobile devices, the mobility model used has a decisive impact. However, in common performance evaluations mainly simple random-based models are used. In the paper we will provide classification and survey of existing mobility models. Furthermore, we will review these models concerning the requirements for tactical scenarios.
Downloads
References
[1] N. Aschenbruck, E. Gerhards-Padilla, M. Gerharz, M. Frank, and P. Martini, „Modelling mobility in disaster area scenarios”, in Proc. 10th ACM/IEEE Int. Symp. Model. Anal. Simul. Wirel. Mob. Syst. MSWIM, Chania, Greece, 2007.
View in Google Scholar
[2] F. Bai and A. Helmy, „Wireless ad hoc and sensor networks”, Chapter 1: „A survey of mobility models”, 2004, http://nile.usc.edu/~helmy/important/Modified-Chapter1-5-30-04.pdf
View in Google Scholar
[3] F. Bai, N. Sadagopan, and A. Helmy, „IMPORTANT: a framework to systematically analyze the impact of mobility on performance of routing protocols for ad hoc networks”, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, USA, 2003, pp. 825-835.
View in Google Scholar
[4] C. Bettstetter, „Mobility modeling in wireless networks: categorization, smooth movement, and border effects”, ACM SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 55-66, 2001.
View in Google Scholar
[5] C. Bettstetter, „Smooth is better than sharp: a random mobility model for simulation of wireless networks”, in Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Model. Anal. Simul. Wirel. Mob. Syst. MSWIM, Rome, Italy, 2001, pp. 19-27.
View in Google Scholar
[6] C. Bettstetter, G. Resta, and P. Santi, „The node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model for wireless ad hoc networks”, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comp., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 257-269, 2003.
View in Google Scholar
[7] C. Bettstetter and C. Wagner, „The spatial node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model”, in Proc. 1st German Worksh. Mob. Ad Hoc Netw. WMAN’02, Ulm, Germany, 2002, pp. 41-58.
View in Google Scholar
[8] S. Bittner, W.-U. Raffel, and M. Scholz, „The area graph-based mobility model and its impact on data dissemination”, in Proc. IEEE PerCom, Kauai Island, Hawaii, USA, 2005, pp. 268-272.
View in Google Scholar
[9] K. Blakely and B. Lowekamp, „A structured group mobility model for the simulation of mobile ad hoc networks”, in Int. Conf. Mob. Comput. Netw., Proc. 2nd Int. Worksh. Mob. Manag. Wirel. Acc. Protoc., Philadelphia, USA, 2004, pp. 111-118.
View in Google Scholar
[10] D. M. Blough, G. Resta, and P. Santi, „A statistical analysis of the long-run node spatial distribution in mobile ad hoc networks”, Wirel. Netw., vol. 10, pp. 543-554, 2004.
View in Google Scholar
[11] T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V. Davies, „A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research”, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comp., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 483-502, 2002.
View in Google Scholar
[12] D. R. Choffnes and F. E. Bustamante, „An integrated mobility and traffic model for vehicular wireless networks”, in Int. Conf. Mob. Comput. Netw., Proc. 2nd ACM Int. Worksh. Veh. Ad Hoc Netw., Cologne, Germany, 2005, pp. 69-78.
View in Google Scholar
[13] „Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Selection procedures for the choice of radio transmission technologies of the UMTS (UMTS 30.03 version 3.2.0)”, ETSI TR 101 112 V3.2.0 (1998-04).
View in Google Scholar
[14] M. Güneş and J. Siekermann, „CosMos - communication scenario and mobility scenario generator for mobile ad hoc networks”, in Proc. 2nd Int. Worksh. MANETs Interoper. Iss. MANETII’05, Las Vegas, USA, 2005.
View in Google Scholar
[15] X. Hong, M. Gerla, G. Pei, and C.-C. Chiang, „A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks”, in Proc. Int. Symp. Model. Simul. Wirel. Mob. Syst. MSWiM, Seattle, USA, 1999, pp. 53-60.
View in Google Scholar
[16] W.-J. Hsu, K. Merchant, H.-W. Shu, C.-H. Hsu, and A. Helmy, „Weighted waypoint mobility model and its impact on ad hoc networks”, ACM SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 59-63, 2005.
View in Google Scholar
[17] M. Jahnke, J. Tölle, A. Finkenbrink, and A. Wenzel, „Dokumentation zum Forschungsvorhaben E/IB1S/6A661/2F005-1. Zwischenbericht”, Tech. Rep., FGAN-FKIE im Auftrage des IT-AmtBw, 2006 (in German).
View in Google Scholar
[18] A. Jardosh, E. M. Belding-Royer, K. C. Almeroth, and S. Suri, „Towards realistic mobility models for mobile ad hoc networks”, in Proc. IEEE MobiCom, San Diego, USA, 2003, pp. 217-229.
View in Google Scholar
[19] A. P. Jardosh, E. M. Belding-Royer, K. C. Almeroth, and S. Suri, „Real-world environment models for mobile network evaluation”, IEEE J. Selec. Areas Commun., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 622-632, 2005.
View in Google Scholar
[20] P. Johansson, T. Larsson, N. Hedman, B. Mielczarek, and M. Degermark, „Scenario-based performance analysis of routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks”, in Proc. IEEE MobiCom, Seattle, USA, 1999, pp. 195-206.
View in Google Scholar
[21] D. B. Johnson and D. A. Maltz, „Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks”, in Mobile Computing, T. Imielinski and H. Korth, Eds. Norwell: Kluwer, 1996, vol. 353, pp. 153-181.
View in Google Scholar
[22] J. Kraaier and U. Killat, „The random waypoint city model - user distribution in a street-based mobility model for wireless network simulations”, in Proc. 3rd ACM Int. Worksh. Wirel. Mob. Appl. Serv. WLAN Hotsp., Cologne, Germany, 2005, pp. 100-103.
View in Google Scholar
[23] B. Liang and Z. J. Haas, „Predictive distance-based mobility management for multidimensional PCS networks”, IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 718-732, 2003.
View in Google Scholar
[24] S. Lim, C. Yu, and C. R. Das, „Clustered mobility model for scale-free wireless networks”, in Proc. IEEE Conf. Loc. Comput. Netw. LCN 2006, Tampa, USA, 2006, pp. 231-238.
View in Google Scholar
[25] P. S. Mogre et al., „A graph-based simple mobility model”, in Proc. WMAN’07, Proc. Conf. KiVS’07, Bern, Switzerland, 2007, pp. 421-432.
View in Google Scholar
[26] M. Musolesi, S. Hailes, and C. Mascolo, „An ad hoc mobility model founded on social network theory”, in Proc. 7th ACM Int. Symp. Model. Anal. Simul. Wirel. Mob. Syst., Venice, Italy, 2004, pp. 20-24.
View in Google Scholar
[27] M. Musolesi and C. Mascolo, „A community based mobility model for ad hoc network research”, in Proc. 2nd ACM/SIGMOBILE Int. Worksh. Multi-hop Ad Hoc Netw. Theory Real. REALMAN’06, Co-located with MobiHoc 2006, Florence, Italy, 2006, pp. 31-38.
View in Google Scholar
[28] W. Navidi and T. Camp, „Stationary distributions for the random waypoint mobility model”, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comp., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 99-108, 2004.
View in Google Scholar
[29] S. Reidt and S. D. Wolthusen, „An evaluation of cluster head TA distribution mechanisms in tactical MANET environments”, in Proc. Conf. ACITA, College Park, USA, 2007.
View in Google Scholar
[30] G. Resta and P. Santi, „An analysis of the node spatial distribution of the random waypoint model for ad hoc networks”, in Proc. ACM Worksh. Princip. Mob. Comput. POMC, Toulouse, France, 2002, pp. 44-50.
View in Google Scholar
[31] E. M. Royer, P. M. Melliar-Smith, and L. E. Moser, „An analysis of the optimum node density for ad hoc mobile networks”, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., Helsinki, Finland, 2001, vol. 3, pp. 857-861.
View in Google Scholar
[32] I. Stepanov, J. Hähner, C. Becker, J. Tian, and K. Rothermel, „A meta-model and framework for user mobility in mobile networks”, in Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Netw. ICON 2003, Sydney, Australia, 2003, pp. 231-238.
View in Google Scholar
[33] I. Stepanov, P. J. Marron, and K. Rothermel, „Mobility modeling of outdoor scenarios for MANETs”, in Proc. 38th Ann. Simul. Symp. ANSS’38, San Diego, USA, 2005, pp. 312-322.
View in Google Scholar
[34] M. Sánchez and P. Manzoni, „ANEJOS: a Java based simulator for ad hoc networks”, Fut. Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 573-583, 2001.
View in Google Scholar
[35] J. Tian, J. Hähner, C. Becker, I. Stepanov, and K. Rothermel, „Graph-based mobility model for mobile ad hoc network simulation”, in Proc. 35th Ann. Simul. Symp., San Diego, USA, 2002, pp. 337-344.
View in Google Scholar
[36] J. Yoon, M. Liu, and B. Noble, „Random waypoint considered harmful”, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, USA, 2003, pp. 1312-1321.
View in Google Scholar
[37] H.-M. Zimmermann and I. Gruber, „A Voronoi-based mobility model for urban environments”, in Eur. Wirel. 2005 Conf., Nicosia, Cyprus, 2005.
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.