Assessment of Area Energy Efficiency of LTE Macro Base Stations in Different Environments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2015.1.779Keywords:
Area Energy Efficiency, LTE, Macro Base Station.Abstract
Energy efficiency (EE) of wireless telecommunications has become a new challenge for the research community, governments and industries in order to reduce CO2 emission and operational costs. EE of base stations (BSs) in cellular networks is a growing concern for cellular operators to not only maintain profitability, but also to reduce the overall negative impact to the environment and economic issues for wireless network operators. In this paper, a framework focuses on the Area Energy Efficiency (AEE) evaluation of LTE BSs is presented. The parameters affect on the AEE and the coverage area of LTE BS in different scenarios are investigated. AEE analysis has been done using a few key performance indicators including transmit power, bandwidth, load factor with the assumption of different scenarios (urban, suburban and rural). The simulation results show that the LTE BSs have better AEE in an urban environment for cell radius less than 750 m compare with the suburban and rural environments. Furthermore, it is obvious that there is a strong influence of traffic load, BW and transmission power on AEE of LTE network. On the other hand, AEE increases significantly as the BW size increases. Finally, it has been shown that the AEE of LTE macro BS decreases with increasing the percentage of traffic load for all scenarios.
Downloads
References
[1] P. Misar, “Wireless LTE deployment: How it is changing cell site energy and infrastructure design”, in Proc. 32nd IEEE Ann. Int. Telecommun. Energy Conf. INTELEC 2010, Orlando, FL, USA, 2010, pp. 510–514.
View in Google Scholar
[2] A. A. Abdulkafi et al., “Energy efficiency of LTE macro base station”, in Proc. 1st Int. Symp. Telecommun. Technol. ISTT 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2012, pp. 259–264.
View in Google Scholar
[3] M. Pickavet et al., “Worldwide energy needs for ICT: The rise of power-aware networking”, in Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Adv. Netw. Telecommun. Syst. ANTS 2008, Bombay, India, 2008, pp. 1–3.
View in Google Scholar
[4] T. T. Tesfay, R. Khalili, J.-Y. Le Boudec, F. Richter, and A. Fehske, “Energy saving and capacity gain of micro sites in regular LTE networks: downlink traffic layer analysis”, in Proc. 6th ACM Workshop on Perform. Monitor. Measur. Heterogen. Wirel. Wired Netw., Miami, FL, USA, 2011, pp. 83–92.
View in Google Scholar
[5] 3GPP TR 36.814 V9.0.0, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects (Release 9)”, 3rd Generation Partnership Project, Tech. Rep., 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.3gpp.org
View in Google Scholar
[6] A. A. Abdulkafi, T. S. Kiong, D. Chieng, A. Ting, and J. Koh, “Energy efficiency improvements in heterogeneous network through traffic load balancing and sleep mode mechanisms”, Wirel. Personal Commun., vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 2151–2164, 2014.
View in Google Scholar
[7] A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
View in Google Scholar
[8] S. Sesia, I. Toufik, and M. Baker, LTE – The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice, 2nd ed. United Kingdom: Wiley, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
[9] P. Mogensen et al., “LTE capacity compared to the Shannon bound”, in Proc. IEEE 65th Veh. Technol. Conf. VTC2007-Spring, Dublin, Ireland, 2007, pp. 1234–1238.
View in Google Scholar
[10] F. Richter, A. J. Fehske, and G. P. Fettweis, “Energy efficiency aspects of base station deployment strategies for cellular networks”, in Proc. IEEE 70th Veh. Technol. Conf. Fall VTC-Fall 2009, Anchorage, AK, USA, 2009, pp. 1–5.
View in Google Scholar
[11] S. Tombaz, M. Usman, and J. Zander, “Energy efficiency improvements through heterogeneous networks in diverse traffic distribution scenarios”, in Proc. 6th Int. ICST Conf. Commun. Netw. in China CHINACOM 2011, Harbin, China, 2011, pp. 708–713.
View in Google Scholar
[12] O. Arnold, F. Richter, G. Fettweis, and O. Blume, “Power consumption modeling of different base station types in heterogeneous cellular networks”, in Future Network and Mobile Summit, Florence, Italy, 2010, pp. 1–8.
View in Google Scholar
[13] A. J. Fehske, F. Richter, and G. P. Fettweis, “Energy efficiency improvements through micro sites in cellular mobile radio networks”, in Proc. 2nd Int. Worksh. Green Commun., in conjunction with GLOBECOM Workshops 2009, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2009, pp. 1–5.
View in Google Scholar
[14] A. Chockalingam and M. Zorzi, “Energy efficiency of media access protocols for mobile data networks”, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 46, pp. 1418–1421, 1998.
View in Google Scholar
[15] W. Wang and G. Shen, “Energy efficiency of heterogeneous cellular network”, in Proc. IEEE 72nd Veh. Technol. Conf. Fall VTC-Fall 2010, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2010, pp. 1–5.
View in Google Scholar
[16] Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission Annual Report, SKMM-MCMC, 2011 [Online]. Available: http://www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/SKMM_2011.pdf
View in Google Scholar
[17] A. A. Abdulkafi et al., “Energy-aware load adaptive framework for LTE heterogeneous network”, Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 943–953, 2014.
View in Google Scholar
[18] S. N. Shahab, T. S. Kiong, and A. A. Abdulkafi, “A framework for energy efficiency evaluation of LTE network in urban, suburban and rural areas”, Australian J. Basic Appl. Sci., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 404–413, 2013.
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
