On-demand QoS and Stability Based Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2014.3.1039Keywords:
mobile ad hoc network, mobility, multicast routing, QoS, stabilityAbstract
Finding a connection path that remains stable for sufficiently longer period is critical in mobile ad hoc networks due to frequent link breaks. In this paper, an on-demand Quality of Service (QoS) and stability based multicast routing (OQSMR) scheme is proposed, which is an extension of ad hoc on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP) to provide QoS support for real time applications. The scheme works as follows. Each node in the network periodically estimates the parameters, i.e., node and link stability factor, bandwidth availability, and delays. Next step is creation of neighbor stability and QoS database at every node by using estimated parameters. The last sequence is multicast path construction by using, route request and route reply packets, and QoS and stability information, i.e., link/node stability factor, bandwidth and delays in route information cache of nodes, and performing route maintenance in case of node mobility and route failures. The simulation results indicate that proposed OQSMR demonstrates reduction in packet overhead, improvement in Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and reduction in end-to-end delays as compared to ODMRP, and Enhanced ODMRP (E-ODMRP).
Downloads
References
[1] R. Ramanathan and J. Redi, “A brief overview of ad hoc networks: challenges and directions”, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 20–22, 2002.
View in Google Scholar
[2] L. Junhai, Y. Danxia, X. Liu, and F. Mingyu, “A survey of multicast routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks”, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 78–91, 2009.
View in Google Scholar
[3] C. Siva Ram Murthy and B. S. Manoj, Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols, 2nd ed. Pearson Education, 2004.
View in Google Scholar
[4] W. Su, S. J. Lee, and M. Gerla, “On-demand multicast routing protocol in multi-hop wireless mobile networks (ODMRP)”, Mob. Netw. and Appl., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 441–53, 2002.
View in Google Scholar
[5] “IETF draft on ODMRP” [Online]. Available: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-odmrp-04 (accessed on 10th Dec., 2013)
View in Google Scholar
[6] S. J. Begdillo, H. Mohamamdzadeh, S. Jamali, and A. Norouzi, “Stable route selection in ODMRP with energy-based strategy”, in Proc. IEEE 21st Int. Symp. Personal, Mob. Radio Commun., Istanbul, Turkey, 2010, pp. 1741–1745.
View in Google Scholar
[7] S. Y. Oh, J.-S. Park, and M. Gerla, “E-ODMRP: Enhanced ODMRP with motion adaptive refresh”, J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput., vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 1044–1053, 2008.
View in Google Scholar
[8] R. C. Biradar, S. S. Manvi, and M. Reddy, “Link stability-based multicast routing in MANET”, Comp. Netw., vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1183–1196, 2010.
View in Google Scholar
[9] D. Promkotwong and O. Sornil, “A Mesh-based QoS-aware multicast routing protocol”, in Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Network-Based Inform. Syst., Regensburg, Germany, 2007, pp. 466–475.
View in Google Scholar
[10] P. Deepalakshmi and S. Radhakrishnan, “Source initiated QoS multicasting scheme for MANETs using ACO”, in Proc. Int. Conf. Process Autom., Contr. Comput. PACC 2011, Kalasalingam, India, 2011, pp. 1–4.
View in Google Scholar
[11] J. A. Torkestani and M. R. Meybodi, “A link stability-based multicast routing protocol for wireless mobile ad hoc networks”, Netw. Comp. Appl., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1429–1440, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
[12] K. Paul, S. Bandyopadhyay, A. Mukherjee, and D. Saha, “A stability-based distributed routing mechanism to support unicast and multicast routing in ad hoc wireless network”, Comp. Commun., vol. 24, no. 18, pp. 1828–1845, 2001.
View in Google Scholar
[13] H. Wang, H. Xu, S. Yi, and Z. Shi, “A tree-growth-based ant colony algorithm for QoS multicast routing problem”, Expert Sys. with Appl., vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 11787–11795, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
[14] B.-L. Su, M.-S. Wang, and Y.-M. Huang, “Fuzzy logic weighted multi-criteria of dynamic route lifetime for reliable multicast routing in ad hoc networks”, Expert Sys. with Appl., vol. 35, no. 1–2, pp. 476–484, 2008.
View in Google Scholar
[15] Y.-S. Yen, H.-C. Chao, R.-S. Chang, and A. Vasilakos, “Flooding-limited and multi-constrained QoS multicast routing based on the genetic algorithm for MANETs”, Math. Comp. Model., vol. 53, no. 11–12, pp. 2238–2250, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
[16] M.-A. Kharraz, H. Sarbazi-Azad, and A. Y. Zomaya, “On-demand multicast routing protocol with efficient route discovery”, J. Netw. Comp. Appl., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 942–950, 2012.
View in Google Scholar
[17] K. Bur and C. Ersoy, “Performance evaluation of a mesh-evolving quality-of-service-aware multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks”, Perform. Eval., vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 701–721, 2009.
View in Google Scholar
[18] K. Viswanath, K. Obraczka, and G. Tsudik, “Exploring mesh and tree-based multicast routing protocols for MANETs”, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 28–42, 2006.
View in Google Scholar
[19] N.-C. Wang and C.-Y. Lee, “A multi-path QoS multicast routing protocol with slot assignment for mobile ad hoc networks”, Elsevier Information Sciences, vol. 208, pp. 1–13, 2012.
View in Google Scholar
[20] X. Xiang, X. Wang, and Y. Yang, “Supporting efficient and scalable multicasting over mobile ad hoc networks”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 544–559, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
[21] R. K. Gujral, J. Grover, A. Anjali, and S. Rana, “Impact of transmission range and mobility on routing protocols over ad hoc networks”, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. ICCS 2012, Phagwara, India, 2012, pp. 201–206.
View in Google Scholar
[22] S.-J. Lee, W. Su, and M. Gerla, “Ad hoc wireless multicast with mobility prediction”, in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Comp. Commun. Netw., Boston, MA, USA, 1999, pp. 4–9.
View in Google Scholar
[23] G. Guichal and S. Bunchua, “ABAM: on-demand associativity-based multicast routing for ad hoc mobile networks”, in Proc. 52nd Int. Conf. Veh. Technol. IEEE-VTS 2000, Boston, MA, USA, 2000, vol. 3, pp. 987–993.
View in Google Scholar
[24] C. K. Toh, D. Kim, S. Oh, and H. Yoo, “The controversy of selfish nodes in ad hoc networks”, in Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Adv. Commun. Technol. ICACT 2010, Phoenix Park, Gangwon-Do, Korea, 2010, vol. 2, pp. 1087–1092.
View in Google Scholar
[25] G. Xylomenos, K. Katsaros, and V. Tsakanikas, “Support of multiple content variants in the multimedia broadcast/multicast service”, Int. J. Commun. Sys., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 691–708, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
[26] J. Garofalakis and E. Stergiou, “Performance evaluation for single- and semi-layer multistage interconnection networks servicing multicast traffic by full multicast operation”, Int. J. Commun. Sys., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 415–437, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
[27] M. Kim, M. W. Mutka, and H.-Y. Kim, “ESC: Estimation of selecting core for reducing multicast delay variation under delay constraints”, Int. J. Commun. Sys., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 40–52, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
[28] J. G. Jetcheva and D. B. Johnson, “Adaptive demand-driven multicast routing in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks”, in Proc. 2nd ACM Int. Symp. Mob. Ad Hoc Netw. and Comput., New York, NY, USA, 2001, pp. 33–44.
View in Google Scholar
[29] L. Klos and G. G. Richard III, “A reliable extension to the ODMRP ad hoc multicast protocol”, in Proc. Int. Conf. Wirel. Netw. ICWN 2005, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2005, pp. 45–51.
View in Google Scholar
[30] D. Pathirana and M. Kwon, “RODMRP – Resilient on demand multicast routing protocol”, in Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Adv. Inform. Netw. and Appl. Worksh., Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 2007, pp. 85–92.
View in Google Scholar
[31] P. I. Basarkod, S. S. Manvi, and D. S. Albur, “Mobility-based estimation of node stability in MANETs”, in Proc. Int. Conf. Emerg. Trends in Comput., Commun. and Nanotechnol. ICE-CCN 2013, Tuticorin, India, 2013, pp. 126–130.
View in Google Scholar
[32] GPS.gov – Official U.S. Government information about the Global Positioning System (GPS) and related topics [Online]. Available: http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/performance/accuracy/ (accessed on 15 Oct., 2012)
View in Google Scholar
[33] H. M. Ali, A. M. Naimi, A. Busson, and V. Vèque, “Signal strength-based link sensing for mobile ad hoc networks”, Special Issue of Telecommunication Systems, Springer, vol. 42, no. 3–4, pp. 201–212, 2009.
View in Google Scholar
[34] Z. Li, L. Sun, and E. C. Ifeachor, “Range-based relative velocity estimations for networked mobile devices”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58, no. 58, pp. 2095–2099, 2009.
View in Google Scholar
[35] K. S. Trivedi, Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications, 2nd ed. Wiley-Interscience, 2005.
View in Google Scholar
[36] P. I. Basarkod and S. S. Manvi, “Multiple parameters-based approach to estimate bandwidth in mobile ad hoc networks”, Int. J. Comp. Sci. Issues, Special Issue (IJCSI), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 37–43, 2011.
View in Google Scholar
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
